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july 2005 1 m9999-072205 mic4420/4429 micrel, inc. mic4420/4429 6a-peak low-side mosfet driver bipolar/cmos/dmos process general description mic4420, mic4429 and mic429 mosfet drivers are tough, ef?cient, and easy to use. the mic4429 and m ic429 are inverting drivers, while the mic4420 is a non-inverting driver. they are capable of 6a (peak) output and can drive the larg- est mosfets with an improved safe operating margin. the mic4420/4429/429 accepts any logic input from 2.4v to v s without external speed-up capacitors or resistor networks. proprietary circuits allow the input to swing negative by as much as 5v without damaging the part. additional circuits protect against damage from electrostatic discharge. mic4420/4429/429 drivers can replace three or more discrete components, reducing pcb area requirements, simplifying product design, and reducing assembly cost. modern bicmos/dmos construction guarantees freedom from latch-up. the rail-to-rail swing capability insures ad- equate gate voltage to the mosfet during power up/d own sequencing. note: see mic4120/4129 for high power and narrow pulse applications. features ? cmos construction ? latch-up protected: will withstand >500ma reverse output current ? logic input withstands negative swing of up to 5v ? matched rise and fall times ................................ 25ns ? high peak output current ............................... 6a peak ? wide operating range ............................... 4.5v to 18v ? high capacitive load drive ............................10,000pf ? low delay time .............................................. 55ns typ ? logic high input for any voltage from 2.4v to v s ? low equivalent input capacitance (typ) ..................6pf ? low supply current ...............450a with logic 1 input ? low output impedance ......................................... 2.5 ? output voltage swing within 25mv of ground or v s applications ? switch mode power supplies ? motor controls ? pulse transformer driver ? class-d switching ampli?ers functional diagram in out mic4429 in v e r t i n g mic4420 noninverting 0.1ma 0.4ma 2k? v s gnd micrel, inc. ? 2180 fortune drive ? san jose, ca 95131 ? usa ? tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 ? fax + 1 (408 ) 474-1000 ? http://www.micrel.com downloaded from: http:///
m9999-072205 2 july 2005 mic4420/4429 micrel, inc. ordering information part no. temperature standard pb-free range package con?guration mic4420cn mic4420zn 0c to +70c 8-pin pdip non-inverting mic4420bn mic4420yn C40c to +85c 8-pin pdip non-inverting mic4420cm mic4420zm 0c to +70c 8-pin soic non-inverting mic4420bm mic4420ym C40c to +85c 8-pin soic non-inverting mic4420bmm mic4420ymm C40c to +85c 8-pin msop non-inverting mic4420ct MIC4420ZT 0c to +70c 5-pin to-220 non-inverting mic4429cn mic4429zn 0c to +70c 8-pin pdip inverting mic4429bn mic4429yn C40c to +85c 8-pin pdip inverting mic4429cm mic4429zm 0c to +70c 8-pin soic inverting mic4429bm mic4429ym C40c to +85c 8-pin soic inverting mic4429bmm mic4429ymm C40c to +85c 8-pin msop inverting mic4429ct mic4429zt 0c to +70c 5-pin to-220 inverting pin con?gurations 12 3 4 87 6 5 v s out out gnd v s in n c gnd plastic dip (n) soic (m) msop (mm) 5 out 4 gnd 3 vs 2 gnd 1 in to-220-5 (t) pin description pin number pin number pin name pin function to-220-5 dip, soic, msop 1 2 in control input 2, 4 4, 5 gnd ground: duplicate pins must be externally connected together. 3, tab 1, 8 v s supply input: duplicate pins must be externally connected together. 5 6, 7 out output: duplicate pins must be externally connected together. 3 nc not connected. downloaded from: http:///
july 2005 3 m9999-072205 mic4420/4429 micrel, inc. electrical characteristics: (t a = 25c with 4.5v v s 18v unless otherwise speci?ed. note 4.) symbol parameter conditions min typ max units input v ih logic 1 input voltage 2.4 1.4 v v il logic 0 input voltage 1.1 0.8 v v in input voltage range C5 v s + 0.3 v i in input current 0 v v in v s C10 10 a outputv oh high output voltage see figure 1 v s C0.025 v v ol low output voltage see figure 1 0.025 v r o output resistance, i out = 10 ma, v s = 18 v 1.7 2.8 output low r o output resistance, i out = 10 ma, v s = 18 v 1.5 2.5 output high i pk peak output current v s = 18 v (see figure 6) 6 a i r latch-up protection >500 ma withstand reverse current switching time (note 3) t r rise time test figure 1, c l = 2500 pf 12 35 ns t f fall time test figure 1, c l = 2500 pf 13 35 ns t d1 delay time test figure 1 18 75 ns t d2 delay time test figure 1 48 75 ns power supply i s power supply current v in = 3 v 0.45 1.5 ma v in = 0 v 90 150 a v s operating input voltage 4.5 18 v absolute maximum ratings (notes 1, 2 and 3) supply voltage ...........................................................20v input voltage ............................... v s + 0.3v to gnd C 5v input current (v in > v s ) .......................................... 50ma power dissipation, t a 25c pdip ....................................................................960w soic ...............................................................1040mw 5-pin to-220 ...........................................................2w power dissipation, t c 25c 5-pin to-220 ......................................................12.5w derating factors (to ambient) pdip .............................................................7.7mw/c soic .............................................................8.3mw/c 5-pin to-220 .................................................17mw/c storage temperature ............................. C65c to +150c lead temperature (10 sec.) ................................... 300c operating ratings supply voltage .............................................. 4.5v to 18v junction temperature ............................................. 150c ambient temperature c version ................................................. 0c to +70c b version ............................................. C40c to +85c package thermal resistance 5-pin to-220 ( jc ) ............................................10c/w 8-pin msop ( ja ) ...........................................250c/w downloaded from: http:///
m9999-072205 4 july 2005 mic4420/4429 micrel, inc. t d1 90% 10% t f 10% 0v 5v t d2 t r v s o u t p u t input 90% 0v t p w 0.5s 2.5v t p w figure 1. inverting driver switching time in mic4429 out 2500pf v s = 18v 0.1f 1.0f 0.1f in mic4420 out 2500pf v s = 18v 0.1f 1.0f 0.1f 90% 10% t r 10% 0v 5v t f v s o u t p u t input 90% 0v t p w 0.5s t d1 t d2 t p w 2.5v figure 2. noninverting driver switching time test circuits electrical characteristics: (t a = C55c to +125c with 4.5v v s 18v unless otherwise speci?ed.) symbol parameter conditions min typ max units input v ih logic 1 input voltage 2.4 v v il logic 0 input voltage 0.8 v v in input voltage range C5 v s + 0.3 v i in input current 0v v in v s C10 10 a outputv oh high output voltage figure 1 v s C0.025 v v ol low output voltage figure 1 0.025 v r o output resistance, i out = 10ma, v s = 18v 3 5 output low r o output resistance, i out = 10ma, v s = 18v 2.3 5 output high switching time (note 3) t r rise time figure 1, c l = 2500pf 32 60 ns t f fall time figure 1, c l = 2500pf 34 60 ns t d1 delay time figure 1 50 100 ns t d2 delay time figure 1 65 100 ns power supply i s power supply current v in = 3v 0.45 3.0 ma v in = 0v 0.06 0.4 ma v s operating input voltage 4.5 18 v note 1: functional operation above the absolute maximum stress ratings is not implied. note 2: static-sensitive device. store only in conductive containers. handling personnel and equipment shou ld be grounded to prevent damage from static discharge. note 3: switching times guaranteed by design. note 4: speci?cation for packaged product only. downloaded from: http:///
july 2005 5 m9999-072205 mic4420/4429 micrel, inc. typical characteristic curves 3020 10 5 1000 10,000 capacitive load (pf) time (ns) v = 18v s fall time vs. capacitive load 40 50 v = 12v s v = 5v s 6050 40 30 20 10 C60 C20 20 60 100 140 temperature (c) time (ns) d1 t d2 t propagation delay time vs. temperature 0 100 1000 10,000 capacitive load (pf) i C supply current (ma) s supply current vs. capacitive load c = 2200 pf l v = 18v s 8470 56 42 28 14 0 500 khz 200 khz 20 khz v = 15v s 6050 40 30 20 10 0 delay time (ns) 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 supply voltage (v) delay time vs. supply voltage t d2 t d1 v = 12v s v = 5v s 3020 10 5 1000 10,000 capacitive load (pf) v = 18v s rise time vs. capacitive load 40 50 time (ns) 100 0 0 100 1000 10,000 frequency (khz) supply current (ma) supply current vs. frequency 10 1000 18v 10v 5v c = 2200 pf l C60 C20 20 60 100 140 temperature (c) 5 7 9 11 13 15 v (v) s 5 7 9 11 13 15 t rise t 2520 15 10 50 time (ns) rise and fall times vs. temperature c = 2200 pf v = 18v s fall c = 2200 pf l 6050 40 30 20 10 0 time (ns) rise time vs. supply voltage c = 4700 pf l c = 10,000 pf l c = 2200 pf l time (ns) fall time vs. supply voltage c = 4700 pf l c = 10,000 pf l 5040 30 20 10 0 l v (v) s 3000 3000 downloaded from: http:///
m9999-072205 6 july 2005 mic4420/4429 micrel, inc. typical characteristic curves (cont.) 2.5 2 1.5 1 5 9 13 v (v) s low-state output resistance r ( )w out 100 ma 50 ma 10 ma 7 11 15 1000 800600 400 200 0 supply voltage (v) 900800 700 600 500 400 C60 C20 20 60 100 140 temperature (c) quiescent power supply current vs. temperature logic 1 input v = 18v s supply current (a) 0 4 8 12 16 20 supply current (a) quiescent power supply voltage vs. supply current logic 1 input 54 3 2 5 9 13 v (v) s high-state output resistance r ( )w out 100 ma 50 ma 10 ma 7 11 15 200160 120 8040 0 delay (ns) 5 6 7 11 13 15 effect of input amplitude on propagation delay load = 2200 pf input 2.4v input 3.0v input 5.0v input 8v and 10v 8 9 10 12 14 v (v) s 2.01.5 1.0 0.5 0 crossover area (a?s) x 10 -8 5 6 7 11 13 15 crossover area vs. supply voltage 8 9 10 12 14 supply voltage v (v) logic 0 input per transition s downloaded from: http:///
july 2005 7 m9999-072205 mic4420/4429 micrel, inc. applications informationsupply bypassing charging and discharging large capacitive loads quickly requires large currents. for example, charging a 2500pf load to 18v in 25ns requires a 1.8 a current from the device power supply. the mic4420/4429 has double bonding on the supply pins, the ground pins and output pins this reduces parasitic lead inductance. low inductance enables large currents to be switched rapidly. it also reduces internal ringing that can cause voltage breakdown when the driver is operated at or near the maximum rated voltage. internal ringing can also cause output oscillation due to feedback. this feedback is added to the input signal since it is referenced to the same ground. to guarantee low supply impedance over a wide frequency range, a parallel capacitor combination is recommended for supply bypassing. low inductance ceramic disk capacitors with short lead lengths (< 0.5 inch) should be used. a 1f low esr ?lm capacitor in parallel with two 0.1 f low esr ceramic capacitors, (such as avx ram guard ? ), provides adequate bypassing. connect one ceramic capacitor di- rectly between pins 1 and 4. connect the second ceramic capacitor directly between pins 8 and 5. grounding the high current capability of the mic4420/4429 demands careful pc board layout for best performance since the mic4429 is an inverting driver, any ground lead impedance will appear as negative feedback which can degrade switch- ing speed. feedback is especially noticeable with slow-rise time inputs. the mic4429 input structure includes 300mv of hysteresis to ensure clean transitions and freedom from oscillation, but attention to layout is still recommended. figure 3 shows the feedback effect in detail. as th e mic4429 input begins to go positive, the output goes negative and several amperes of current ?ow in the ground lead. as little as 0.05 of pc trace resistance can produce hundreds of millivolts at the mic4429 ground pins. if the driving logic is referenced to power ground, the effective logic input level is reduced and oscillation may result. to insure optimum performance, separate ground traces should be provided for the logic and power connections. connecting the logic ground directly to the mic4429 gnd pins will ensure full logic drive to the input and ensure fast output switching. both of the mic4429 gnd pins should, however, still be connected to power ground. figure 3. self-contained voltage doubler mic4429 1f 50v mks2 unit e d che mcon s x e 0.1f wima mks2 1 8 6, 7 5 4 0.1f 50v 5.6 k? 560 ? +15 220 f 50v byv 10 (x 2) 35 f 50v (x2) 1n4448 2 + + + downloaded from: http:///
m9999-072205 8 july 2005 mic4420/4429 micrel, inc. table 1: mic4429 maximum operating frequency v s max frequency 18v 500khz 15v 700khz 10v 1.6mhz conditions: 1. dip package ( ja = 130c/w) 2. t a = 25c 3. c l = 2500pf input stage the input voltage level of the 4429 changes the quiescent supply current. the n channel mosfet input stage tran- sistor drives a 450a current source load. with a logic 1 input, the maximum quiescent supply current is 450a. logic 0 input level signals reduce quiescent current to 55a maximum. the mic4420/4429 input is designed to provide 300mv of hysteresis. this provides clean transitions, reduces noise sensitivity, and minimizes output stage current spi king when changing states. input voltage threshold level is approxi - mately 1.5v, making the device ttl compatible over the 4 .5v to 18v operating supply voltage range. input current is less than 10a over this range. the mic4429 can be directly driven by the tl494, sg1526/1527, sg1524, tsc170, mic38hc42 and similar switch mode power supply integrated circuits. by of?oading the power-driving duties to the mic4420/4429, the power supply controller can operate at lower dissipation. this can improve performance and reliability. the input can be greater than the + v s supply, however, current will ?ow into the input lead. the propagation delay for t d2 will increase to as much as 400ns at room tem- perature. the input currents can be as high as 30ma p-p (6.4ma rms ) with the input, 6 v greater than the supply voltage. no damage will occur to mic4420/4429 however, and it will not latch. the input appears as a 7pf capacitance, and does not change even if the input is driven from an ac source. care should be taken so that the input does not go more than 5 volts below the negative rail. power dissipation cmos circuits usually permit the user to ignore power dis- sipation. logic families such as 4000 and 74c have outputs which can only supply a few milliamperes of current, and even shorting outputs to ground will not force enough cur- rent to destroy the device. the mic4420/4429 on the other hand, can source or sink several amperes and drive large capacitive loads at high frequency. the package power dissipation limit can easily be exceeded. therefore, some attention should be given to power dissipation when driving low impedance loads and/or operating at high frequency. the supply current vs frequency and supply current vs capacitive load characteristic curves aid in determining power dissipation calculations. table 1 lists the maximum safe operating frequency for several power supply volt - ages when driving a 2500pf load. more accurate power dissipation ?gures can be obtained by summing the three dissipation sources. given the power dissipation in the device, and the thermal resistance of the package, junction operating temperature for any ambient is easy to calculate. for example, the thermal resistance of the 8-pin msop package, from the data sheet, is 250c/w. in a 25c ambient, then, using a maximum junction temperature of 150c, this package will dissipate 500mw. accurate power dissipation numbers can be obtained by summing the three sources of power dissipation in the device: ? load power dissipation (p l ) ? quiescent power dissipation (p q ) ? transition power dissipation (p t ) calculation of load power dissipation differs depending on whether the load is capacitive, resistive or inductive. resistive load power dissipation dissipation caused by a resistive load can be calculated as: p l = i 2 r o d where: i = the current drawn by the load r o = the output resistance of the driver when the output is high, at the power supply voltage used. (see data sheet) d = fraction of time the load is conducting (duty cycle) figure 4. switching time degradation due to negative feedback mic4429 1 8 6, 7 5 4 +18 v 0.1f 0.1f te k c u r r e n t p rob e 6302 2,500 pf p o l y c a r b o n a t e 5.0v 0 v 18 v 0 v wima mks-2 1 f logic ground power ground 6 amps 300 mv pc trace resistance = 0.05? downloaded from: http:///
july 2005 9 m9999-072205 mic4420/4429 micrel, inc. where: i h = quiescent current with input high i l = quiescent current with input low d = fraction of time input is high (duty cycle) v s = power supply voltage transition power dissipation transition power is dissipated in the driver each time its output changes state, because during the transition, for a very brief interval, both the n- and p-channel mosfets in the output totem-pole are on simultaneously, and a cur- rent is conducted through them from v + s to ground. the transition power dissipation is approximately: p t = 2 f v s (a?s) where (a?s) is a time-current factor derived from the typical characteristic curves. total power (p d ) then, as previously described is: p d = p l + p q +p t de?nitions c l = load capacitance in farads. d = duty cycle expressed as the fraction of time the input to the driver is high. f = operating frequency of the driver in hertz i h = power supply current drawn by a driver when both inputs are high and neither output is loaded. i l = power supply current drawn by a driver when both inputs are low and neither output is loaded. i d = output current from a driver in amps. p d = total power dissipated in a driver in watts. p l = power dissipated in the driver due to the drivers load in watts. p q = power dissipated in a quiescent driver in watts. p t = power dissipated in a driver when the output changes states (shoot-through current) in watts. note: the shoot-through current from a dual transition (once up, once down) for both drivers is shown by the "typical characteristic curve : crossover area vs. supply voltage and is in am - pere-seconds. this ?gure must be multiplied by the number of repetitions per second (frequency) to ?nd watts. r o = output resistance of a driver in ohms. v s = power supply voltage to the ic in volts. capacitive load power dissipation dissipation caused by a capacitive load is simply the en- ergy placed in, or removed from, the load capacitance by the driver. the energy stored in a capacitor is described by the equation: e = 1/2 c v 2 as this energy is lost in the driver each time the load is charged or discharged, for power dissipation calculations the 1/2 is removed. this equation also shows that it is good practice not to place more voltage on the capacitor than is necessary, as dissipation increases as the square of the voltage applied to the capacitor. for a driver with a capacitive load: p l = f c (v s ) 2 where: f = operating frequency c = load capacitance v s = driver supply voltage inductive load power dissipation for inductive loads the situation is more complicated. for the part of the cycle in which the driver is actively forcing current into the inductor, the situation is the same as it is in the resistive case: p l1 = i 2 r o d however, in this instance the r o required may be either the on resistance of the driver when its output is in the high state, or its on resistance when the driver is in the low state, depending on how the inductor is connected, and this is still only half the story. for the part of the cycle when the inductor is forcing current through the driver, dissipation is best described as p l2 = i v d (1-d) where v d is the forward drop of the clamp diode in the driver (generally around 0.7v). the two parts of the load dissipation must be summed in to produce p l p l = p l1 + p l2 quiescent power dissipation quiescent power dissipation (p q , as described in the input section) depends on whether the input is high or low. a low input will result in a maximum current drain (per driver) of 0.2ma; a logic high will result in a current drain of 2.0ma. quiescent power can therefore be found from: p q = v s [d i h + (1-d) i l ] downloaded from: http:///
m9999-072205 10 july 2005 mic4420/4429 micrel, inc. figure 5. peak output current test circuit mic4429 1 8 6, 7 5 4 +18 v 0.1f 0.1f te k c u r r e n t p rob e 6302 10,000 pf p o l y c a r b o n a t e 5.0v 0 v 18 v 0 v wima mk22 1 f 2 downloaded from: http:///
july 2005 11 m9999-072205 mic4420/4429 micrel, inc. package information 0.380 (9.65)0.370 (9.40) 0.135 (3.43)0.125 (3.18) pin 1 dimensions: inch (mm) 0.018 (0.57) 0.100 (2.54) 0.013 (0.330)0.010 (0.254) 0.300 (7.62) 0.255 (6.48)0.245 (6.22) 0.380 (9.65)0.320 (8.13) 0.0375 (0.952) 0.130 (3.30) 8-pin plastic dip (n) 8-pin soic (m) downloaded from: http:///
m9999-072205 12 july 2005 mic4420/4429 micrel, inc. 0.004?(0.10) 0.035?(0.89) 0.021?(0.53) 0.012?(0.03)?r 0.0256?(0.65)?typ 0.012?(0.30)?r 5 0 ?min 0.112?(2.84) 0.116?(2.95) 0.012?(0.03) 0.007?(0.18)0.005?(0.13) 0.038?(0.97) 0.032?(0.81) inch?(mm) 0.187?(4.74) 8-pin msop (mm) 0.018 0.008 (0.46 0.20) 0.268?ref (6.81?ref) 0.032 0.005 (0.81 0.13) ?0.550 0.010 (13.97 0.25) 7 typ. seatingplane 0.578 0.018 (14.68 0.46) 0.108 0.005 (2.74 0.13) 0.050 0.005 (1.27 0.13) ?0.150?d 0.005 (3.81?d 0.13) 0.400 0.015 (10.16 0.38) ?0.177 0.008 (4.50 0.20) 0.103 0.013 (2.62 0.33) 0.241 0.017 (6.12 0.43) 0.067 0.005 (1.70 0.127) inch (mm) dimensions: 5-lead to-220 (t) micrel inc. 2180 fortune drive san jose, ca 95131 usa tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 web http://www.micrel.com this information furnished by micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. however no responsibility is assumed by micrel for its use. micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and speci?cations at any time without noti?cation to the customer. micrel products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a signi?cant injury to the user. a purchasers use or sale of micrel products for use in life support appliances, devices or sy stems is a purchasers own risk and purchaser agrees to fully indemnify micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. ? 2001 micrel, inc. downloaded from: http:///

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